{"id":12478,"date":"2023-12-01T12:48:50","date_gmt":"2023-12-01T12:48:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/?p=12478"},"modified":"2023-12-01T12:48:58","modified_gmt":"2023-12-01T12:48:58","slug":"high-court-important-for-apsc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/high-court-important-for-apsc\/","title":{"rendered":"High Court ( Important for APSC)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The High Court, often considered the apex judicial authority within a state, serves as an instrumental component of the Indian legal system. Following the Supreme Court of India, it holds the distinction of being the nation&#8217;s second-highest court. India boasts a network of 25 High Courts, strategically distributed across the length and breadth of the country, each contributing significantly to the administration of justice.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_77 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/high-court-important-for-apsc\/#High_Courts_%E2%80%93_Historical_Background\" >High Courts &#8211; Historical Background<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/high-court-important-for-apsc\/#High_Courts_%E2%80%93_Constitutional_Provisions\" >High Courts &#8211; Constitutional Provisions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/high-court-important-for-apsc\/#Powers_and_Functions_of_the_High_Court\" >Powers and Functions of the High Court<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/high-court-important-for-apsc\/#Appointment_of_High_Court_Judges\" >Appointment of High Court Judges<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/high-court-important-for-apsc\/#Tenure_and_Removal_of_Judges_of_High_Courts\" >Tenure and Removal of Judges of High Courts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/high-court-important-for-apsc\/#Salaries\" >Salaries<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/high-court-important-for-apsc\/#Oath\" >Oath<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/high-court-important-for-apsc\/#Qualifications\" >Qualifications<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/high-court-important-for-apsc\/#Jurisdiction_and_Powers_of_High_Courts\" >Jurisdiction and Powers of High Courts<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/high-court-important-for-apsc\/#Writ_Jurisdiction\" >Writ Jurisdiction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/high-court-important-for-apsc\/#Control_Over_Staff_Article_229\" >Control Over Staff (Article 229)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/high-court-important-for-apsc\/#Superintendence_Over_Subordinate_Courts_Article_227\" >Superintendence Over Subordinate Courts (Article 227)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/high-court-important-for-apsc\/#Court_of_Record_for_Subordinate_Courts\" >Court of Record for Subordinate Courts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/high-court-important-for-apsc\/#_Superintendence_Over_All_Courts_Except_those_dealing_with_the_Armed_Forces\" >&nbsp;Superintendence Over All Courts (Except those dealing with the Armed Forces)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/high-court-important-for-apsc\/#Power_to_Issue_Directives\" >Power to Issue Directives<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/high-court-important-for-apsc\/#Rules_and_Regulations_for_Lower_Court_Personnel_Article_235\" >Rules and Regulations for Lower Court Personnel (Article 235)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/high-court-important-for-apsc\/#Power_of_Judicial_Review_Articles_13_and_226\" >Power of Judicial Review (Articles 13 and 226)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/high-court-important-for-apsc\/#FAQs\" >FAQs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ecommitteesci.gov.in\/high-courts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">High Court<\/a> are pivotal to the Indian legal landscape, as they play a vital role in ensuring the effective and efficient delivery of justice within their respective states. Their jurisdiction covers a broad spectrum of civil, criminal, and constitutional matters, making them the primary adjudicating bodies for legal disputes originating within their territorial boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These courts are vested with the power to interpret and enforce both state and federal laws, making them crucial in upholding the rule of law and protecting the rights and liberties of Indian citizens. High Court judges, appointed with great scrutiny and based on their legal acumen and experience, bear the responsibility of delivering fair and impartial judgments that set legal precedents and guide the nation&#8217;s legal framework.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, High Courts often act as custodians of the Constitution and serve as a check on the exercise of executive and legislative authority, ensuring that government actions are in harmony with the principles enshrined in India&#8217;s Constitution. Through their landmark decisions, they contribute to the evolution and refinement of legal principles, which, in turn, influence the legal landscape of the entire nation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to their pivotal role in jurisprudence, High Courts are vital in maintaining the delicate balance of power and federalism within India&#8217;s complex governance structure. They serve as the final appellate authorities for cases originating in their respective states and hold the power to scrutinize the actions and decisions of lower courts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"High_Courts_%E2%80%93_Historical_Background\"><\/span><strong>High Courts &#8211; Historical Background<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The State Judiciary in India consists of High Courts and subordinate courts, collectively responsible for dispensing justice.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The origins of High Courts in India trace back to the Indian High Courts Act of 1861, which proposed the establishment of High Courts in place of the Supreme Court in the Presidencies of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay. This proposal received approval in 1858, based on recommendations by the Law Commission.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;The year 1862 marked the issuance of charters for the High Courts of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay. Consequently, the Calcutta High Court became the first High Court in India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Constitution of India provides the fundamental framework for the structure and operations of High Courts, establishing their roles and responsibilities within the legal system.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Presently, India boasts a total of 25 High Courts serving the legal needs of 28 states and 8 Union Territories.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A significant addition to this landscape is the High Court of Andhra Pradesh, which was established on January 1, 2019. This development underscores the dynamic nature of India&#8217;s legal system, adapting to the evolving demands of its states and territories.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"High_Courts_%E2%80%93_Constitutional_Provisions\"><\/span><strong>High Courts &#8211; Constitutional Provisions<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Article 214 of the Indian Constitution mandates the presence of a High Court in every state.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>According to Article 231, the Indian Parliament holds the authority to establish a unified High Court serving two or more states.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Powers_and_Functions_of_the_High_Court\"><\/span><strong>Powers and Functions of the High Court<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The High Court holds the highest judicial authority within an Indian state, as per the country&#8217;s legal framework.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Articles 214 to 231 in the Indian Constitution are dedicated to delineating the High Courts&#8217; structure, organization, and jurisdiction.\\Parliament possesses the legislative power to establish a single High Court serving two or more states, as indicated in the Constitution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An example of this is the common High Court shared by Haryana, Punjab, and the Union Territory of Chandigarh. Similarly, the northeastern states also have a shared High Court. Additionally, Tamil Nadu and Puducherry jointly utilize a High Court.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Currently, there exist 25 High Courts in India, each playing a pivotal role in administering justice and upholding the rule of law.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"5\"><strong>List of High Courts in India<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Year of Establishment<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>High Court<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Act of Establishment<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Territorial Jurisdiction<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Seat and Bench<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1862<\/td><td>Bombay<\/td><td>Indian High Courts Act, 1861<\/td><td>Maharashtra, Dadra &amp; Nagar. Haveli, Daman Diu, and Goa<\/td><td>Seat: MumbaiBench: Panaji, Aurangabad, and Nagpur<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1862<\/td><td>Kolkata<\/td><td>Indian High Courts Act, 1861<\/td><td>West Bengal, Andaman &amp; Nicobar islands<\/td><td>Seat: KolkataBench: Port Blair<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1862<\/td><td>Madras<\/td><td>Indian High Courts Act, 1861<\/td><td>Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry<\/td><td>Seat: ChennaiBench: Madurai<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1866<\/td><td>Allahabad<\/td><td>Indian High Courts Act, 1861<\/td><td>Uttar Pradesh<\/td><td>Seat: AllahabadBench: Lucknow<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1884<\/td><td>Karnataka<\/td><td>Mysore High Court Act, 1884<\/td><td>Karnataka<\/td><td>Seat: BengaluruBench: Dharwad and Gulbarga<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1916<\/td><td>Patna<\/td><td>Letters Patent issued by the then British Crown Rule<\/td><td>Bihar<\/td><td>Patna<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1948<\/td><td>Guwahati<\/td><td>Government of India Act, 1935<\/td><td>Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram, and Arunachal Pradesh<\/td><td>Seat: GuwahatiBench: Kohima, Aizawl, and Itanagar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1949<\/td><td>Odisha<\/td><td>Orissa High Court Ordinance, 1948<\/td><td>Odisha<\/td><td>Cuttack<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1949<\/td><td>Rajasthan<\/td><td>Punjab High Court Ordinance, 1947<\/td><td>Rajasthan<\/td><td>Seat: JodhpurBench: Jaipur<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1956<\/td><td>Madhya Pradesh<\/td><td>Government of India Act, 1935<\/td><td>Madhya Pradesh<\/td><td>Seat: JabalpurBench: Gwalior and Indore<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1958<\/td><td>Kerala<\/td><td>States Reorganisation Act, 1956<\/td><td>Kerala &amp; Lakshadweep<\/td><td>Ernakulam<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1960<\/td><td>Gujarat<\/td><td>Bombay Reorganisation Act, 1960<\/td><td>Gujarat<\/td><td>Ahmedabad<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1966<\/td><td>Delhi<\/td><td>Delhi High Court Act, 1966<\/td><td>Delhi<\/td><td>Delhi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1971<\/td><td>Himachal Pradesh<\/td><td>State of Himachal Pradesh Act, 1970<\/td><td>Himachal Pradesh<\/td><td>Shimla<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1975<\/td><td>Punjab &amp; Haryana<\/td><td>Punjab High Court Ordinance, 1947<\/td><td>Punjab, Haryana &amp; Chandigarh<\/td><td>Chandigarh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1975<\/td><td>Sikkim<\/td><td>The 36th Amendment to the Indian Constitution<\/td><td>Sikkim<\/td><td>Gangtok<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2000<\/td><td>Chattisgarh<\/td><td>Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000<\/td><td>Chattisgarh<\/td><td>Bilaspur<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2000<\/td><td>Uttarakhand<\/td><td>Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000<\/td><td>Uttarakhand<\/td><td>Nainital<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2000<\/td><td>Jharkhand<\/td><td>Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000<\/td><td>Jharkhand<\/td><td>Ranchi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2013<\/td><td>Tripura<\/td><td>North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Acts (Amendment), 2012<\/td><td>Tripura<\/td><td>Agartala<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2013<\/td><td>Manipur<\/td><td>North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012<\/td><td>Manipur<\/td><td>Imphal<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2013<\/td><td>Meghalaya<\/td><td>North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2012<\/td><td>Meghalaya<\/td><td>Shillong<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2019<\/td><td>Telangana<\/td><td>Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014<\/td><td>Telangana<\/td><td>Hyderabad<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2019<\/td><td>Andhra Pradesh<\/td><td>Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014<\/td><td>Andhra Pradesh<\/td><td>Amravati<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2019<\/td><td>Jammu &amp; Kashmir and Ladakh<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>List of High Courts in India<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Appointment_of_High_Court_Judges\"><\/span><strong>Appointment of High Court Judges<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;High Court Judges in India are appointed by the President.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>However, this appointment process involves a consultation with key stakeholders, including the Chief Justice of India, the Governor of the respective state, and the Chief Justice of the High Court concerned. This consultation is mandatory when appointing Judges for High Courts, excluding the Chief Justice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Furthermore, Article 222 of the Constitution empowers the President to transfer High Court Judges, a decision reached after consulting with the Chief Justice of India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tenure_and_Removal_of_Judges_of_High_Courts\"><\/span><strong>Tenure and Removal of Judges of High Courts<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A permanent High Court Judge serves until reaching the age of 62.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Any disputes regarding a Judge&#8217;s age are resolved by the President in consultation with the Chief Justice of India, with the President&#8217;s decision being final.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Judges do not serve at the pleasure of the President.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Judges can be removed from office only by a Presidential order on the recommendation of Parliament, based on grounds of misbehavior or incapacity.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Salaries\"><\/span><strong>Salaries<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Judges of High Courts are entitled to allowances and rights as determined by Parliament, in terms of leave of absence and pension. These entitlements cannot be changed to their disadvantage after appointment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Oath\"><\/span><strong>Oath<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>High Court Judges must take an oath or affirmation before the Governor of the State before assuming office.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Qualifications\"><\/span><strong>Qualifications<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;To be appointed as a High Court Judge, an individual must be an Indian citizen and have served in a judicial capacity in India for at least ten years. They must also have worked as an advocate in a High Court or two or more such Courts in succession for at least 10 years.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jurisdiction_and_Powers_of_High_Courts\"><\/span><strong>Jurisdiction and Powers of High Courts<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>High Courts&#8217; jurisdiction typically aligns with a state&#8217;s territorial boundaries. However, if Parliament establishes a High Court for multiple states or extends its jurisdiction to Union Territories, the High Court&#8217;s authority encompasses those areas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;The Constitution does not comprehensively define High Courts&#8217; jurisdiction, powers, and administrative matters.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Original jurisdiction is primarily held by the High Court of Presidency Towns, while other High Courts mainly serve as appellate courts. Original jurisdiction remains in select areas like admiralty, probate, matrimonial, and contempt of court.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Appellate jurisdiction is exercised by all High Courts, hearing appeals in civil and criminal matters from both lower courts and their original side. Intra-court appeals are allowed in some High Courts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>High Courts do not have jurisdiction over tribunals governing the country&#8217;s military services.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Writ_Jurisdiction\"><\/span><strong>Writ Jurisdiction<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>High Courts, in accordance with Article 226 of the Constitution, possess the authority to issue directives, orders, or writs to enforce Fundamental Rights and for other specified purposes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The differences between the Writ Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and High Courts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Supreme Court<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>High Court<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Supreme Court can only issue writs when a fundamental right has been violated.<\/td><td>High Courts can issue writs for both fundamental rights enforcement and ordinary legal rights of citizens. Hence jurisdiction of the High Court is more than the Supreme Court.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Under Article. 32, the Supreme Courts are required to issue writs.<\/td><td>The High Courts may or may not use their writ jurisdiction to offer relief to the aggrieved person<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Supreme Court&#8217;s territorial authority encompasses the entire country.<\/td><td>The territorial jurisdiction of the High Courts is limited<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The differences between the Writ Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and High Courts<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Control_Over_Staff_Article_229\"><\/span><strong>Control Over Staff (Article 229)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>High Courts exercise full control over their staff members.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Chief Justice of a High Court holds the authority to appoint officers and personnel, determine their working conditions, and even terminate their employment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Superintendence_Over_Subordinate_Courts_Article_227\"><\/span><strong>Superintendence Over Subordinate Courts (Article 227)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>High Courts, as the highest judicial authority within a state, possess the power of superintendence and control over all subordinate courts concerning both judicial and administrative matters.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Court_of_Record_for_Subordinate_Courts\"><\/span><strong>Court of Record for Subordinate Courts<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Decisions made by High Courts serve as binding precedents for lower courts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>All future cases refer to the procedures and judgments set by High Courts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>High Courts have the authority to take punitive actions against those who defy their orders and those of subordinate courts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They also have the ability to review the records of subordinate courts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Superintendence_Over_All_Courts_Except_those_dealing_with_the_Armed_Forces\"><\/span><strong>&nbsp;Superintendence Over All Courts (Except those dealing with the Armed Forces)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;High Courts can supervise and oversee all courts and tribunals operating within their territorial jurisdiction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;They manage and administer the functioning of these courts, establishing rules and regulations for their operation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Power_to_Issue_Directives\"><\/span><strong>Power to Issue Directives<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>High Courts have the power to:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Require lower courts to provide their findings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Establish and issue general rules governing the proceedings of these courts, including specifying necessary forms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Prescribe the forms in which the officers of these courts must maintain their records and accounts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Facilitate the transfer of cases from one court to another.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rules_and_Regulations_for_Lower_Court_Personnel_Article_235\"><\/span><strong>Rules and Regulations for Lower Court Personnel (Article 235)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>High Courts can set rules and regulations concerning the appointment, demotion, and leaves of absence for officers within lower courts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Power_of_Judicial_Review_Articles_13_and_226\"><\/span><strong>Power of Judicial Review (Articles 13 and 226)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>High Courts possess the authority to review the constitutionality of legislative and executive orders issued by both central and state governments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Though the term &#8220;judicial review&#8221; is not explicitly mentioned in the constitution, it is explicitly granted to High Courts by Articles 13 and 226.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/FAQPage\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading wp-block-coblocks-faq__title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs\"><\/span><strong>FAQs<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item__question\" itemprop=\"name\"><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item__question__content\">1. <strong>What is a High Court?<\/strong><\/div><svg fill=\"none\" view-box=\"0 0 24 24\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item__question__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M19.39 14.99l-1.41 1.41L12 10.43 6.02 16.4l-1.41-1.41L12 7.6l7.39 7.39z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item__answer\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\"><div itemprop=\"text\">\n<p>A High Court is a superior court of law in India, responsible for upholding the rule of law and administering justice within a specific state or territory.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item__question\" itemprop=\"name\"><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item__question__content\">2. <strong>How many High Courts are there in India?<\/strong><\/div><svg fill=\"none\" view-box=\"0 0 24 24\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item__question__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M19.39 14.99l-1.41 1.41L12 10.43 6.02 16.4l-1.41-1.41L12 7.6l7.39 7.39z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item__answer\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\"><div itemprop=\"text\">\n<p>Currently, there are 25 High Courts in India, each serving one or more states or union territories.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item__question\" itemprop=\"name\"><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item__question__content\">3. <strong>What is the primary function of a High Court?<\/strong><\/div><svg fill=\"none\" view-box=\"0 0 24 24\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item__question__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M19.39 14.99l-1.41 1.41L12 10.43 6.02 16.4l-1.41-1.41L12 7.6l7.39 7.39z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item__answer\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\"><div itemprop=\"text\">\n<p>The primary function of a High Court is to serve as an appellate court, hearing appeals and writ petitions against decisions of lower courts and tribunals, and ensuring that justice is served.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item__question\" itemprop=\"name\"><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item__question__content\">4. <strong>What is the jurisdiction of a High Court?<\/strong><\/div><svg fill=\"none\" view-box=\"0 0 24 24\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item__question__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M19.39 14.99l-1.41 1.41L12 10.43 6.02 16.4l-1.41-1.41L12 7.6l7.39 7.39z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item__answer\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\"><div itemprop=\"text\">\n<p>A High Court typically has jurisdiction over a specific state or union territory, as defined by the Constitution. However, it can also have jurisdiction over cases related to central laws and territories if Parliament extends its authority.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item__question\" itemprop=\"name\"><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item__question__content\">5. <strong>What are the powers of a High Court in terms of judicial review?<\/strong><\/div><svg fill=\"none\" view-box=\"0 0 24 24\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item__question__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M19.39 14.99l-1.41 1.41L12 10.43 6.02 16.4l-1.41-1.41L12 7.6l7.39 7.39z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-faq-item__answer\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\"><div itemprop=\"text\">\n<p>High Courts have the authority to review the constitutionality of both central and state government legislative and executive actions. This is a crucial aspect of their judicial review power.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>For more blog visit our website &#8211; <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click Here<\/a> <\/strong>Also Read &#8211; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-borthakur-039-s-ias-academy-blog wp-block-embed-borthakur-039-s-ias-academy-blog\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"M0kUPLr7bM\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/state-legislature\/\">State Legislature ( Important for APSC)<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;State Legislature ( Important for APSC)&#8221; &#8212; Borthakur&#039;s IAS Academy Blog\" src=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/state-legislature\/embed\/#?secret=ysSCTiKSlj#?secret=M0kUPLr7bM\" data-secret=\"M0kUPLr7bM\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-borthakur-039-s-ias-academy-blog wp-block-embed-borthakur-039-s-ias-academy-blog\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"5u3w5UUrmT\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/paraliament-and-parliamentary-committees\/\">Paraliament and Parliamentary Committees( Important for APSC)<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Paraliament and Parliamentary Committees( Important for APSC)&#8221; &#8212; Borthakur&#039;s IAS Academy Blog\" src=\"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/paraliament-and-parliamentary-committees\/embed\/#?secret=2NAhhJX5X6#?secret=5u3w5UUrmT\" data-secret=\"5u3w5UUrmT\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The High Court, often considered the apex judicial authority within a state, serves as an instrumental component of the Indian legal system. Following the Supreme Court of India, it holds the distinction of being the nation&#8217;s second-highest court. India boasts a network of 25 High Courts, strategically distributed across the length and breadth of the country, each contributing significantly to the administration of justice.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":12481,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12478","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12478","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12478"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12478\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12484,"href":"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12478\/revisions\/12484"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12481"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12478"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12478"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.borthakursiasacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12478"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}